Gas alam (natural gas) yang diambil
dari dalam perut bumi mengalami tahapan panjang sebelum akhirnya sampai ke
tangan konsumen. Berikut ini gambaran umum alur proses pengolahan gas alam:
1. Gas alam, didapat dari hasil
pengeboran sumur produksi.
2. Separasi. Gas alam akan
melewati separator untuk memisahkan gas alam dari kondensat, minyak, dan air.
Kondensat, minyak, dan air keluar melalui bagian bawah separator, sedangkan gas
alam akan keluar melalui bagian atas separator untuk melalui tahap selanjutnya.
3. Treatment, yaitu pemurnian gas
alam dari bahan pengotor (impurities).
- Gas sweetening : untuk
menghilangkan H2S dan CO2.
- Gas Dehydration : untuk
menghilangkan kandungan air (H2O).
- Hg-removal : untuk
menghilangkan kandungan merkuri (Hg).
4. Fraksinasi. Setelah melalui
tahap treatment, komponen yang tersisa yaitu hidrokarbon (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5,
C6, C7) akan difraksinasi (dipisahkan) untuk selanjutnya diolah lebih lanjut
menjadi produk.
5. LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) : Gas
dengan komposisi metana 95% serta sedikit etana, yang didinginkan (suhu
mencapai -162oC) sehingga berubah fasa menjadi cair.
6. CNG (Compressed Natural gas) :
Gas dengan komposisi seperti LNG, akan tetapi diperlakukan dengan cara ditekan
pada tekanan tinggi (200 bar) dan masih berfasa gas.
7. Gas Pipelines : Gas jual yang dialirkan melalui pipa.
8. NGL (Natural Gas Liquid) : Gas
dengan komposisi C2+, berfasa liquid, digunakan untuk LPG (C2 dan C3),
refrigerant ataupun sebagai condensate.
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